Quadruple Marker Test

What is a Quadruple Marker Test?

The Quadruple Marker Test, also known as the quad marker test or quadruple screen test, is a second-trimester blood test typically performed between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is a non-invasive screening tool that helps estimate the risk of certain genetic and developmental conditions in the fetus. This test measures four key substances in the mother's blood:

• Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP): A protein produced by the fetal liver
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A hormone produced by the placenta
• Unconjugated Estriol (UE3): A hormone made by the fetal liver and placenta
• Inhibin A: A hormone secreted by the placenta

The levels of these markers are analysed along with maternal factors such as age and gestational age to assess whether the pregnancy may be at increased risk for specific conditions. The test is safe for both mother and baby and does not involve any invasive procedures.

Importance of Quadruple Marker Test 

The Quadruple Marker Test is important because it helps in early risk detection of serious fetal conditions during the second trimester: at a stage when other testing options may be limited. It guides healthcare providers and expectant parents in making informed decisions about further evaluation and care. Key reasons that marks Its Importance include:

• Second-Trimester Screening Opportunity: Especially useful for women who missed first-trimester tests such as the double marker test or NT scan.
• Risk Assessment Without Invasive Procedures: Offers valuable insights without the need for procedures like amniocentesis or CVS, unless results indicate high risk.
• Supports Follow-Up Planning: A high-risk result can help doctors plan appropriate diagnostic tests or pregnancy management options.
• Peace of Mind: A screen-negative result provides reassurance during a crucial phase of pregnancy.

By offering a safe, non-invasive assessment of genetic and structural risks, the quadruple marker test helps ensure timely care and better preparedness for the health of both mother and baby.

Who Should Get a Quadruple Marker Test?

The Quadruple Marker Test is generally recommended for pregnant women during the second trimester, especially between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation. While it can be part of routine prenatal care, certain individuals may particularly benefit from it based on medical history or missed first-trimester screening.

This test is often advised for:

• Women who missed first-trimester screening, such as the double marker test
• Pregnant women above 35 years of age, as the likelihood of chromosomal conditions increases with maternal age
• Those with a family history of genetic or chromosomal abnormalities
• Expectant mothers with abnormal ultrasound findings or NT scan results
• Women with a history of previous pregnancy complications linked to genetic disorders
• Pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive techniques, where additional screening may be advised

Common Conditions Screened by the Quad Marker Test

The Quadruple Marker Test helps assess the risk of specific chromosomal and neural tube abnormalities in the developing fetus. It does not diagnose these conditions but indicates whether the pregnancy is at a higher or lower risk, guiding the need for further testing.

Key conditions screened include:

• Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21): Elevated levels of hCG and Inhibin A, along with lower levels of AFP and estriol, may indicate a higher risk of Down syndrome, a condition associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability.
• Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18): Characterised by lower levels of all four markers, this condition can lead to severe developmental issues and is often life-limiting.
• Neural Tube Defects (such as Spina Bifida): Higher levels of AFP may suggest problems with the development of the fetal spine or brain, such as spina bifida or anencephaly.

Each marker gives a piece of the overall picture, and when analysed together, they help healthcare providers determine whether further diagnostic tests are needed.

Quadruple Marker Test Procedure and Sample Collection

The Quadruple Marker Test is a simple, non-invasive blood test that involves collecting a sample from the expectant mother. It is safe for both mother and baby and can be easily done at home.

How the Test is Performed

A trained phlebotomist draws a small blood sample from a vein in the arm. This sample is then analysed in a certified lab to measure the levels of the four key markers—AFP, hCG, Unconjugated Estriol (UE3), and Inhibin A.

The values are interpreted in combination with details such as gestational age, maternal age, and weight, to estimate the risk of certain conditions.

Home Sample Collection with MaxAtHome

MaxAtHome provides a convenient and safe way to get tested without visiting a clinic:

• Free home sample collection at a time that suits your schedule
• Certified professionals trained in safe and hygienic collection practices
• No long waits or hospital visits—ideal for expectant mothers seeking comfort and flexibility

Fasting Requirements and Report Availability

Before taking any test, it’s natural to wonder whether preparation is needed or when the results will be available. Here's what to expect with the Quadruple Marker Test.

Is Fasting Required?

No, fasting is not required before the Quadruple Marker Test. Expectant mothers can eat and drink normally unless advised otherwise by their doctor.

When Will the Report Be Available?

MaxAtHome ensures timely report delivery to support informed prenatal care:

• Digital reports are available within 3 days of sample collection
• Reports can be securely accessed through the MaxAtHome website or app
• In case of elevated risk, prompt consultation with a specialist is recommended

Understanding Your Quadruple Marker Test Results

The Quadruple Marker Test provides a risk estimate, not a diagnosis. It indicates whether the pregnancy is at higher or lower risk for certain genetic and developmental conditions, based on the levels of four substances in the mother's blood.

How Results Are Interpreted

• Screen Negative (Low Risk): Suggests that the chances of the tested conditions are low. No further testing may be needed unless clinically indicated.
• Screen Positive (High Risk): Indicates an increased probability of a condition such as Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, or spina bifida. Further diagnostic tests may be recommended, such as NIPT, amniocentesis, or a detailed ultrasound.

Understanding the Marker Levels

• High AFP: May point to neural tube defects like spina bifida.
• Low AFP, low UE3, and high hCG and Inhibin A: May indicate increased risk of Down syndrome.
• Low levels of all four markers: May suggest Trisomy 18.

Your doctor will consider these results in the context of your age, gestational age, and medical history to recommend next steps.

Cost and Availability of the Quadruple Marker Test

MaxAtHome offers the Quadruple Marker Test as a safe and accessible screening option during the second trimester, with the added convenience of home sample collection.

Factors Affecting the Price of Home Testing

The test cost may vary depending on:

• The city or region where the test is booked
• Whether it is ordered individually or as part of a prenatal screening package
• Any applicable service charges (note: MaxAtHome offers free home collection)
• Ongoing promotional offers or health plans

Despite these variables, MaxAtHome ensures transparent pricing with no hidden costs, making it easier for expecting families to access important prenatal care.

How to Book the Quadruple Marker Test with MaxAtHome

Booking the Quadruple Marker Test through MaxAtHome is quick, convenient, and designed to prioritise the comfort of expectant mothers.

Here’s how to get started:

1. Schedule the test online through our easy-to-use booking platform.
2. Choose your preferred date and time for home sample collection.
3. Confirm your booking by filling in basic details.
4. A trained phlebotomist will visit your home at the scheduled time to collect the sample.
5. Access your digital report within 3 days through the MaxAtHome website or app.

For any assistance or queries, call 01244781023 to speak with the MaxAtHome customer care team.