Seasonal allergic rhinitis, commonly known as “hay fever”, is a common allergic condition in children, which occurs when the immune system reacts to airborne substances such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mould. Despite the name, hay fever doesn’t cause a fever; it leads to other symptoms such as sneezing, itchy eyes, nasal congestion, and a runny nose, especially during certain times of the year. Often confused with a cold, this condition is actually the body’s response to seasonal allergens in the environment. For many children, it can affect sleep, mood, and even school performance if not identified and managed early. In this guide, we’ll go through the causes of hay fever in children, common symptoms, treatment options, ways to manage it at home, and when to seek medical advice.

What Causes Hay Fever in Children?

Hay fever is triggered when a child’s immune system identifies harmless airborne particles as threats and launches an allergic response. The most common causes are seasonal allergens that vary throughout the year.

Key triggers include:

• Pollen: Tiny grains released by trees, grasses, and weeds are the most common cause.
• Tree pollen is more common in late winter and spring.
• Grass pollen peaks during late spring and early summer.
• Weed pollen is typically active in late summer and autumn.
• Dust mites: Microscopic insects found in bedding, carpets, and upholstery can cause year-round symptoms but may worsen during seasonal weather changes.
• Mould spores: Outdoor mould increases in humid or damp environments and becomes airborne, especially during the monsoon or after rain.
• Pet dander: Proteins in the skin flakes, saliva, or urine of cats and dogs can also act as allergens, even if the pet isn’t shedding fur.

The risk of hay fever is higher in children with a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema. Environmental factors such as air pollution, exposure to cigarette smoke, and spending a lot of time outdoors during high pollen seasons may also increase the likelihood of developing symptoms.

How to Recognise Hay Fever Symptoms?

The symptoms of hay fever can look similar to those of the common cold, but there are key differences. In children, these symptoms often appear suddenly and tend to linger for weeks or return during specific seasons.

Common signs to look out for include:

• Frequent sneezing, especially in the mornings
• Runny or blocked nose (often with clear mucus)
• Itchy, red, or watery eyes
• Itchy throat, ears, or roof of the mouth
• A persistent dry cough
• Fatigue or irritability due to disturbed sleep
• Mild facial swelling or dark circles under the eyes ("allergic shiners")
• A fine, red rash in some cases (referred to as hay fever rash)

Unlike viral infections, hay fever does not cause a fever and usually doesn't include body aches or sore throat unless the nasal irritation is prolonged. If the symptoms worsen after outdoor activities or exposure to dust or pets, it may point towards an allergic cause rather than an infection.

Signs of Severe Hay Fever in Children

While many children experience mild to moderate symptoms, some may develop more intense reactions that interfere with daily life. Recognising these signs early can help prevent complications and ensure timely treatment.

Red flags that may indicate a more severe form include:

• Constant nasal congestion that affects breathing or speech
• Persistent coughing, especially at night
• Frequent nosebleeds due to excessive rubbing or blowing
• Swelling around the eyes or face
• Significant disruption in sleep, leading to daytime tiredness or poor concentration
• Worsening of asthma symptoms, such as wheezing or chest tightness
• Repeated sinus or ear infections linked to chronic inflammation
• Mood changes or withdrawal from activities due to physical discomfort

Diagnosing Hay Fever in Children

A proper diagnosis helps distinguish hay fever from other conditions such as the common cold, sinus infections, or asthma. In most cases, diagnosis begins with a detailed review of the child’s medical history and symptoms.

Doctors may look for clues such as:

• Timing and duration of symptoms (e.g. seasonal patterns)
• Family history of allergies or asthma
• Triggers such as pollen, dust, or pet exposure
• Physical signs like nasal inflammation or watery eyes

If needed, allergy testing may be recommended:

• Skin prick test: Small amounts of allergens are placed on the skin to observe for a reaction.
• Blood test (such as IgE testing): Measures the immune system’s response to specific allergens.

These tests can help identify what’s causing the symptoms, allowing for a more targeted treatment plan. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to managing hay fever effectively, especially in growing children.

Hay Fever Treatment for Children

Managing hay fever involves relieving symptoms, reducing exposure to triggers, and preventing future flare-ups. Treatment plans vary depending on the severity and frequency of symptoms, as well as the child’s age.

Common treatment options include:

• Antihistamines: Help reduce sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Non-drowsy options are preferred for school-going children.
• Nasal corticosteroid sprays: Reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and are highly effective for long-term symptom control.
• Decongestants (for short-term use): May be used occasionally to ease nasal blockage but are not recommended for prolonged periods in children.
• Allergy eye drops: Soothe red, itchy, or watery eyes caused by allergen exposure.
• Leukotriene receptor antagonists: Sometimes prescribed when hay fever is linked with asthma or persistent nasal symptoms.

Doctors may suggest combining medications or adjusting doses based on symptom response. For children with frequent or severe episodes, long-term allergy management plans may be developed under a specialist’s guidance.

Managing Hay Fever at Home: Remedies and Prevention Tips

Alongside medical treatment, home care plays a key role in reducing symptoms and preventing allergic flare-ups. Whether the goal is comfort or control, small changes in routine and environment can make a big difference.

Practical ways to support your child include:

• Use saline nasal rinses to clear nasal passages and ease congestion
• Keep windows shut during high pollen hours (especially mornings and windy days)
• Limit outdoor play when pollen counts are high; check daily forecasts
• Change clothes and bathe after coming indoors to remove allergens from skin and hair
• Use HEPA-filter air purifiers to trap indoor allergens like dust and mould spores
• Clean surfaces and vacuum regularly to keep the home allergen-free
• Avoid line-drying clothes outdoors, which can collect pollen
• Wash bedding weekly in hot water to eliminate dust mites
• Encourage frequent hand and face washing, especially after playing outside
• Use sunglasses and hats outdoors to protect the eyes and face from airborne particles
• Avoid freshly mown grass and flowering plants during outdoor activities
• Install pollen screens on windows to allow airflow while keeping allergens out

Supporting a Child Living with Hay Fever

Beyond managing physical symptoms, it’s important to support a child emotionally and help them understand their condition. Allergies can affect sleep, concentration, and daily enjoyment, especially during outdoor activities. 

Here’s how parents can help:

• Educate in simple terms: Explain what hay fever is and why certain activities or environments might trigger symptoms. This builds awareness and cooperation.
• Build healthy routines: Encourage consistent use of prescribed treatments, especially before outdoor play or school.
• Create an allergy-safe school plan: Inform teachers and school staff about the child’s condition, medication needs, and when to call for help.
• Offer comfort and reassurance: Children may feel frustrated or embarrassed by frequent sneezing or itchy eyes. Acknowledge their discomfort and support them emotionally.
• Track patterns and progress: Keep a diary of symptom flare-ups, triggers, and responses to medication. This can help fine-tune the treatment plan with the doctor.

When to See a Doctor

While many children can manage hay fever with over-the-counter remedies and lifestyle changes, some cases require medical attention. Ignoring persistent or worsening symptoms may lead to complications or affect overall well being.

It’s time to consult a doctor if:

• Symptoms persist despite home care and medications
• The child has trouble sleeping or concentrating due to discomfort
• Signs of asthma develop, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, or tightness in the chest
• There are frequent sinus or ear infections linked to ongoing nasal inflammation
• The child’s quality of life is noticeably impacted—missed school days, reduced outdoor activity, or emotional distress
• You suspect multiple allergies or need guidance on long-term management

A healthcare provider may adjust the treatment plan, recommend allergy testing, or refer to a specialist if symptoms are severe or complex. Early intervention ensures better symptom control and improved day-to-day comfort.

Helping Children Breathe Easier, Season After Season

Hay fever may be common, but with the right care, children can enjoy every season without constant discomfort. From recognising symptoms early to using a mix of treatments and lifestyle changes, parents can play an active role in reducing allergic flare-ups and improving day-to-day wellbeing.

If you suspect hay fever or seasonal allergies in your child, expert guidance can make all the difference. MaxAtHome offers safe, accurate allergy testing from the comfort of your home, helping you get answers without the hassle of a lab visit. Schedule the test online through our easy-to-use booking platform or call 01244781023 to speak with our team.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can hay fever cause a fever in children?

No, hay fever does not cause an actual fever. Despite the name, it refers to allergy-related symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose, without an increase in body temperature.

Is hay fever lifelong, or will my child outgrow it?

Some children do outgrow hay fever, especially if their immune system becomes less reactive over time. However, others may continue to experience symptoms into adulthood, particularly if they have a family history of allergies.

What’s the difference between hay fever and a cold?

Hay fever symptoms tend to last longer, occur seasonally or around specific triggers, and don’t include fever or body aches. A cold usually lasts for a few days and may include a sore throat or mild fever.

Can certain foods make symptoms worse?

In some children, foods like bananas, melons, apples, or tomatoes may trigger mild reactions during pollen seasons due to something called oral allergy syndrome. Speak to a doctor if this is suspected.

Does staying indoors prevent all symptoms?

Staying indoors can help reduce exposure to allergens like pollen, but indoor triggers such as dust mites and mould may still cause symptoms. Air purifiers and regular cleaning can help improve indoor air quality.

Can children with hay fever play sports or go outside?

Yes, but it’s best to avoid outdoor activities when pollen levels are high. Using preventive medication before heading out and changing clothes after returning indoors can help manage symptoms.