Malaria Antigen Test

One of the diagnosis techniques is the Malaria Antigen Test, which is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) used to identify specific proteins (antigens) excreted by malaria parasites in the blood. It provides a rapid and efficient way of diagnosing malaria, particularly where the conventional microscopy is not available.

How does the Malaria Antigen Test function?

The Malaria Antigen Test is an immunochromatographic test for detecting malaria antigens in the blood of human beings. It is especially efficient for the identification of Plasmodium falciparum, the most life-threatening strain of malaria, but can be used to detect other species according to the test's design.

Key Features:

• Ease of Use: Easy to operate with minimal training needs.
• Portability: Portable enough to be used in a range of settings, including remote locations.

How Does the Malaria Antigen Test Work?

The test identifies certain antigens shed by malaria parasites:

•  Histidine-Rich Protein II (HRP-II): P. falciparum specific.
•  Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH): Found in all Plasmodium species.
• Aldolase: Another pan-malarial antigen.

A few drops of blood are taken, typically by finger prick, and placed on the test strip. If malaria antigens are present, they react with antibodies on the test strip, causing a line to appear, which is a positive result.

When Is the Test Indicated?

The Malaria Antigen Test is indicated in patients with symptoms that mimic malaria, including:

• Fever
• Typical chills
• Sweating
• Headache
• Muscle ache

It is also applied to re-entry travellers from malaria-endemic areas with febrile illness.

Advantages of Malaria Antigen Test

• Speed: Quick time to result allows for immediate treatment.
• Accessibility: Available in settings without sophisticated laboratory facilities.
• Simplicity: Little training required for delivery.

Limitations to Consider

• Sensitivity: Will not detect low parasitemia levels.
• Species Differentiation: Some tests do not have differentiation between Plasmodium species.
• False Positives/Negatives: May be due to numerous reasons, including cross-reactivity and storage errors.

Complementary Tests

Other tests are suggested in certain instances in combination with the Malaria Antigen Test:

• Back-up: To establish diagnosis as well as measure parasite density.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): To check for general well-being as well as detection of anemia.
• Liver and Kidney Function Tests: To check organ function, particularly in the case of severe illness.
• Blood Glucose Levels: Severe malaria-induced hypoglycemia.

MAX@Home holds in high regard the value of prompt and precise diagnosis. Our pathology laboratory provides the Malaria Antigen Test, bringing convenience and credibility to our patients.

Malaria Antigen Test is a useful tool for early diagnosis and management of malaria. Its easy and rapid test makes it extremely well-suited in most situations within healthcare establishments. However, its boundaries of application need to be taken into account and wherever necessary supported by other tests to allow for complete assessments.